Serine peptidases: Classification, structure and function.
Proteases are a diverse class of enzymes having several biological functions and specificities. The catalytic machinery of these enzymes is attributed to subtilisin and mammalian chymotrypsin related bacterial serine protease.(2) They are responsible for cleaving peptide bonds found in proteins.
An Overview of Microbial Proteases for Industrial Applications.. classification,. More than one protease in three is a serine protease. Classically, they are active at neutral to alkaline pH.
Proteases represent one of the three largest groups of industrial enzymes and account for about 60% of the total global enzymes sale. According to the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, proteases are classified in enzymes of class 3, the hydrolases, and the subclass 3.4, the peptide hydrolases or peptidase.
Proteases have been classified into four classes each with their own distinct mechanism.2,3 This classification is based on the most significant functional group associated with the protease activity. Hence the serine, aspartic, cysteine proteases derive their names from the most prominent catalytic amino acid residue in the active.
Enzyme Mechanisms Enzymes function by a wide variety of mechanisms. We will cover a few examples to illustrate the means that enzymes use to catalyze reactions. Serine proteases Peptide bond hydrolysis is a very common process. A wide variety of enzymes can perform proteolytic reactions.
Specific cleavage of proteins by proteases is essential for several cellular, physiological, and viral processes. Chymotrypsin-related proteases that form the PA clan in the MEROPS classification of proteases is one of the largest and most diverse group of proteases. The PA clan comprises serine proteases from bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses and chymotrypsin-related cysteine.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a largely manual classification of protein structural domains based on similarities of their structures and amino acid sequences.A motivation for this classification is to determine the evolutionary relationship between proteins. Proteins with the same shapes but having little sequence or functional similarity are placed in different.